THE
SKIZOPRENIA PHENOMENON REFLECTED IN GILLIAN FLYNN’s GONE GIRL NOVEL (2012) A
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
Abstrak
Penelitian
ini digunakan untuk menganalisis fenomena schizophrenia yang tersirat dalam
novel Gone Girl(2012) dengan menggunakan pendekatan psikoanalisis. Tujuan dari
penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan bahwa Amy yaitu tokoh utama dalam novel
Gone Girl menderita penyakit kejiwaan yang disebut dengan schizophrenia
dikarenakan ciri-ciri, tipe dan penyebab yang dapat ditemukan dalam novel tersebut.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, dimana data primer dari
penelitian ini adalah novel Gone Girl dan data sekundernya adalah beberapa
referensi dan materi yang berhubungan dengan penelitian. Penelitian ini dapat
ditarik kesimpulan bahwa: 1. Semua orang bisa menderita penyakit schizophrenia
jika memiliki ciri-ciri seperti neologisme, perasaan tidak stabil, terlalu
terobsesi dengan kematian dan kekerasan. Penyalahgunaan obat-obatan, gemar
memberikan barang pribadi, dan selalu merasa sendiri. 2. Jenis dari penyakit
schizophrenia yang dapat ditemukan dalam diri Amy adalah waham jeleousy dan
waham persecution. Waham jeleousy adalah penderita merasa bahwa pasangannya
sudah tidak setia dan waham persecution adalah penderita merasa bahwa
dikejar-kejar oleh seseorang yang berusaha melukainya. Penyebab dari
schizophrenia adalah faktor stress dikarenakan kurangnya perhatian dari orang
tua dan kekasih.
Kata kunci: Gone Girl,
Schizophrenia, Pendekatan Psikoanalitik.
Abstract
This study is used to analyze the schizophrenia
phenomenon reflected in the novel, Gone Girl by using Phsychoanalyzis. The
objective of this study is to prove that Amy as the main character of this
novel suffers schizophrenia disease because of the characteristics, types and
causes of schizophrenia found in the novel. This study is quantitative
research, in which the primer data is novel, Gone Girl and the seconder datas
are several references and materials dealing with the research. This study can
be taken as the conclution that: 1. Everyone can suffer schizophrenia disease if
he or she has characteristics of schizophrenia, namely neologisme, unstable
feeling, obsessed with death and violence, addicted with drugs, being fond of
giving private object, and feeling alone 2. The types of schizophrenia located
in Amy are Jeleousy Waham and Persecution Waham. Jeleousy Waham is the sufferer
believes that his/her couple is not loyal. and Persecution Waham is The sufferers
feel that they are being persued by someone wanting to disturb them. The cause
of the schizophrenia found in this novel is because of stress coming from the
lack of care from parents and beloved.
Keywords: Gone Girl,
Schizophrenia, Psychoanalitic Approach.
A. Introduction
Literature
is a product of the unlimited imagination made by the author perhaps happened
in the real life. It often reflects what is happening in the society about the
author life. In order to conduct any researches,
there is actually no need to go to the society. Through reading the literatures
made by the other authors, we will get knowledge of how the pattern of people’s
behaviour and culture. People’s behaviour and culture can completely influence
the thoughts about several problems that can then be reflected through
something called as literature. As what
has been stated by Wellek and
Warren (1963: 22), they said that the term literature seems best if we limit it to
the art of literature, that is, to imaginative literature. Literature is also
produced by imagination of the author. Literature is not just a document of
facts, it is not just the collection of real events though it may happen in the
real life. Literature can create its own world as a product of the unlimited
imagination and under Henry van Dyke’s
opinion Literature consists of those writing which interpret the meanings of
nature and life, in words of charm and power, touched with the personality of
the author, in artistic forms of permanent interest.”.
Speaking of
the types of literature, literature has five types, namely poetry, phrose,
Non-Fiction and Media. One of those types that gets the highest people’
interest is phrose(novel). Novel is an invented
prose narrative of considerable length and a certain complexity that deals
imaginatively with human experience, usually through a connected sequence of
events involving a group of persons in a specific setting. Within its broad
framework, the genre of the
novel has encompassed an extensive range of types and styles:
picaresque, epistolary, Gothic, romantic, realist, historical to name only
some of the more important ones. After reading a novel, there are many benefits
we can obtain, namely 1. We can learn about life including how to behave and
survive in the society, 2. We can also learn about how to develop the
literature itself 3. We can consider literatures as our inspiration to be
better in the future. 4. We are able to improve our english skill especially in
reading. The possitive things I mentioned above could be found in Gone Girl, a
novel made by Gillian Flynn, an American author, born in Kansas City, Missauri.
Gone Girl is the third novel made by her and this novel is the best-selling
novel ever.
Here is the
brief story of the novel ‘Gone Girl’. The first part of the novel centres
around Nick Dunne and his wife Amy's marriage. It alternates point of view
between Nick and Amy, with Nick describing their relationship in the present
day and Amy's diary entries depicting their relationship in the past. Their
perspectives on their marriage are very different - Amy's diary portrays Nick
as an aggressive, moody, idle and threatening husband while Nick describes Amy
as someone who is needlessly difficult, anti-social, stubborn, and an
irrational perfectionist.When Nick and Amy both lose their jobs in New York,
they relocate to Nick's hometown in North Carthage, Missauri to help take care
of Nick's sick mother. This causes their marriage to take a turn .Amy loved
their life in New York and hates living in the Midwest. Amy soon after begins
to resent Nick for making her move to his hometown.On their wedding
anniversary, Amy disappears without a trace. Therefore over time, Nick
eventually becomes a suspect in her disappearance. Among other reasons, his
lack of emotion about Amy's disappearance and the discovery that Amy was
pregnant when she went missing lead both the police as well as the public to
believe that Nick may have murdered his wife.
In the second half of the book, the
reader learns that the main characters are unreliable narrators, and that they
are not being given all of the information. Nick is revealed to have been
cheating on his wife and Amy is revealed to be alive and in hiding and is
trying to frame Nick for her "death" as revenge for his perceived
wrongs against her. Her pregnancy and her diary entries are revealed to be
fake; she fabricated them in order to further incriminate Nick. Her plan is
foiled, however, when she is robbed at the motel she was hiding in. Desperate,
she seeks help from her ex-boyfriend Desi Collings, who agrees to hide her in
his lake house but soon becomes possessive, causing Amy to feel
trapped.Meanwhile, Nick has discovered that Amy is framing him for her murder
based on the items she bought from credit cards in his name and hid in his
sister Margo's woodshed, along with her anniversary gift of Punch and Judy
puppets, one of which is missing a handle. However, since the clues she left
for him on their annual anniversary treasure hunt are so ambiguous and based on
their inside jokes that no one else would get, he has no way of proving it.
Together, he and his lawyer work to change the public's perception of Nick. He
is granted an interview with a popular talk show host. During the interview, he
pretends to be apologetic for his infidelity and appeals to Amy to come back.
It goes well with the public, but unfortunately the police have discovered the
items in the woodshed that he swore weren't his, boxes of demeaning and violent
porn videos, and Amy's diary. A few weeks later, they bring out the missing
handle from the Punch and Judy puppets that had been soaked in Amy's blood and
discovered in the fireplace, and they arrest Nick.
At Desi's lake house, Amy sees the
TV interview and is convinced that Nick really does want her back. She murders
Desi after seducing him and returns to her husband, who is out on bond. Upon
her return, she fabricates a story that she had been kidnapped and imprisoned
by Desi. Although Nick knows she's lying, he has no proof and is forced to
return to married life with Amy as the media storm dies down.Though forced to
remain with his wife, Nick soon begins writing a memoir detailing Amy's crimes
and deceptions. Aware of Nick's intentions to expose her lies, Amy uses Nick's semen
they had saved at a fertility clinic to make herself pregnant. She then forces
him to delete his book by threatening to keep him from their unborn child. In
the end, Nick deletes his memoir and chooses to stay with Amy for his child's
sake.
The problems appearing in this novel
are quite complicated or even awkward. There are a lot of unexpected things
happened in this novel. When we notice carefully, the main cause of the
problems emerging in this novel is because of psychological disease suffered by
the main character of this novel, namely Amy. Phychological aspect of someone
can absolutely affect his/her behaviour. Because of that, there must be a
problem emerging because of unexpected disease dealing with someone’s
psychology. According to what has been stated by Umery(1989), Phychological
aspects can influence emerging problem because it deals with people’s behavior
and mind.In this novel, Amy has many characteristics of Schizophrenia disease.
This disease is a kind of phychological disease belonging to a serious mental
disturbance caused by the damage of interior brain. Therefore, this respect
will be extremely interesting to be analyzed.
B. Object of the Study
The
object of this study is to show that Amy as the main character of this novel
suffers a psychological disease called as schizophrenia a serious mental
distubance in the brain influencing the behaviour of the sufferer.
C. Literary Review
According to Christian
Nordqvist(1994) Psychology is the science of the mind and behavior. The word
"psychology" comes from the Greek word psyche meaning "breath,
spirit, soul", and the Greek word logia meaning the study of something.According to Medilexicon's medical dictionary, psychology
is "The profession (clinical psychology), scholarly discipline (academic
psychology), and science (research psychology) concerned with the behavior of
humans and animals, and related mental and physiologic processes."
Although psychology may also include the study of the mind and behavior of
animals, in this article psychology refers to humans.
Here are some key points about psychology:
a. Psychology is the
study of behavior and the mind.We are unable to physically see mental processes
such as thoughts, memories, dreams and perceptions.
b. Clinical psychology is
an integration science, theory, and practice.
c. Cognitive psychology
investigates internal mental processes such as how people think, perceive and
communicate.
d. Developmental
psychology is the study of how a person develops psychologically over the
course of their life.
e. Evolutionary
psychology examines how psychological adjustments during evolution have
affected human behavior.
f. Forensic psychology is
the application of psychology to the process of criminal investigation and the
law.
g. Health psychology
observes how health can be influenced by behavior, biology and social context.
h. Neuropsychology
examines the how the brain functions in relation to different behaviors and
psychological processes.
i.
Occupational psychology investigates how people perform at work in order to
develop an understanding of how organizations function.Social psychology is a
study of how the behavior and thoughts of people are influenced by the actual
or implied presence of others.
Schizophrenia is a
mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to
understand what is real or a severe and cronic mental disorder characterized by
disturbance in thought.
D. Methodology
This chapter deals with underlying theory.
This research paper uses psychoanalytic approach to analyze the novel because
the theory of psychoanalytic has a big deal with human psyche, which can be
used to analyze the major character’s psychological condition.
1. Notion of Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is the
theory from Sigmund Freud in 1856. The most influential theories in the field
were personality by Sigmund Freud in 1856 – 1939. They believe that everything
a person, feels, think, fantasizes, dreams, and does has psychological motive.
He was very interested studied about unconscious mind. The unconscious is an
important aspect of personality. Bringing what is unconscious to conscious is
crucial therapy for neurotic disorders (Linda L, 201: 14).
According to Sigmund
Freud, there are three parts of mind, conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
The conscious and preconscious mind is the smallest parts of the mind, because
in conscious mind it represents of your perceptions, memories, thoughts,
fantasies, and feeling (Boree, 2003). According Boeree, different conscious and
preconscious mind, unconscious mind is the biggest parts of the mind. It
represents memories, emotions, and source of motivations.
2. The Structure of Personality
a.
The id
Id is
the only components personality present since born. Aspect personality be fully
aware and including of behavior instinctive and primitive. The form of id such
as wish, motivation, needs occurs spontaneously. The examples are thirst,
hunger, cool, sex, and the other experiences show presence a need.
According to Freud, id
is the root of all psychic energy, so that a major component personality.
Id driven by the principle pleasure, “The pleasure principle does not take into
account the feelings of others, society norms, or agreements between people”
(Newman 1983: 385) that seeks to satisfaction immediately of all the wishes,
desires, and needs. If this need not satisfied, the result is anxiety or
tension.
Sex and
aggression is also a part of id. The purpose of sex is a
pleasure, but this pleasure is not limited to genital satisfaction (Feist,
1985. 33). And the aim of aggression is self-destruction. As with the
sexual drive, aggression is flexible and can take a number of forms, such as
teasing, gossip, sarcasm, humiliation. humor, and the enjoyment of other
people’s suffering. The aggressive tendency is present in everyone and is the
explanation for wars, atrocities, and religious persecution (Feist, 1985. 34).
b.
The ego
The second element in
personality system is ego. Ego is a component personality
responsible to deal with reality. According to Freud, ego develops from id
and ensure that the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in
the real world. Function of ego both in the conscious mind, precious
mind, and unconscious mind.
Unlike the id,
the ego distinguishes between reality and fantasy, tolerates moderate
amounts of tension, changes as function of new experience and endanger in
rational cognitive activity (Feist, 1985:90).
According to Freud, ego
is the structures personality dealing with the demand reality, which
contains reasoning and understanding right. Ego tried to suppress action
until she had a chance to understand reality accurately, understand what
happened in the past and made plans which realistic in order to satisfy id.
The function of ego is also to filter from the impulse who want to slaked based
on the fact.
c. The
superego
The third part of
personality called the superego. Superego is the personality
system which has principle of morality consists of some values and evaluated
norms. About superego, Freud says;
The long period of
childhood, during which the growing human being lives is dependence upon his
parents, leaves behind it a precipitate, which forms within his ego a special
agency in which this parental influence is prolonged. It receives the name of
super-ego (OP 3).
The function of superego
is dealing with good or bad. Superego was more of a perfection that
pleasure, therefore superego may be regarded as a moral issue that personality
itself. Hall states that “superego is morality element branch of justice from
personal system; superego is the internal representative of traditional values
and evaluative norms” (Hall, 1988:35).
In Boeree (2003), he
stated that there are two aspects to the superego: first is the conscience,
which is an internalization of punishment and warnings. The other is called the
ego ideal. It derives from rewards and positive models presented to the
child. The conscience and ego ideal communicate their requirements to
the ego with feelings like pride, shame, and guilt.
E. Research Finding
In
this section the researcher presents the results of the study analyzed so far
such as: the cause, types, and characteristics of Schizophrenia followed by the
reason why the author exposed the Schizophrenia.
1. The
cause of Schizoprenia
Stress
Stress is a part of a sequential
process in which objective environtmental circumstance (i.e., stressors) are
appraised by the individual as either having no adaptive significance or as
stressful( i.e., presenting a potential threat, danger, change or challage to
one’s well-being or survival).
First evidence
I
go home and cry for a while. I am almost thirty-two.That’s not old, especially
not in New York, but fact is, it’sbeen years
since I even really liked someone. So how likelyis it I’ll meet someone
I love, much less someone I loveenough to marry? I’m tired of not knowing who
I’ll be with, orif I’ll be with anyone.I have many friends who are married –
not many whoare happily married, but many married friends. The fewhappy ones
are like my parents: They’re baffled by my singleness. A smart, pretty, nice
girl like me, a girl with somany interests
and enthusiasms, a cool
job, a loving family. And let’s say it: money. They knit their eyebrows and
pretend to think of men they can set me up with, but we all know there’s no one
left, no one good left, and I
know that they secretly think there’s something wrong with me,something hidden
away that makes me unsatisfiable,unsatisfying.(GG.49)
Second evidence
I
speak specifically of the Amy of
today, who was only remotely like the woman I fell in love with. It had been an
awful fairy-talereverse transformation. Over just a few years, the old Amy,the
girl of the big laugh and the easy ways, literally shedherself, a pile of skin
and soul on the floor, and out steppedthis new, brittle, bitter Amy. My wife
was no longer my wifebut a razor-wire knot daring me to unloop her, and I was
notup to the job with my thick, numb, nervous fingers. Countryfingers. Flyover
fingers untrained in the intricate, dangerouswork of solving Amy. When I’d hold up the bloody stumps,she’d sigh and
turn to her secret mental notebook on whichshe tallied all my deficiencies,
forever notingdisappointments, frailties, shortcomings. My old Amy,damn, she
was fun. She was funny. She made me laugh. I’dforgotten that. And she laughed. From the bottom of her
throat, from right behind that small finger-shaped hollow,which is the best
place to laugh from. She released hergrievances like handfuls of birdseed: They
are there, andthey are gone.(GG.77)
2. The
types of Schizoprenia
a. Waham
jealousy
In this regard, the
sufferer believes that his/her couple is not loyal. After figuring out that
there is women’s namein the crumpled piece of notebook paper. Then she thinks
that Nick cheats with other women.
Then I unroll
the crumpled piece of notebook paperand see a girl’s handwriting Hannah and a
phone number. I wish it were like the movies, the name something silly, CanDee
or Bambie, something you could roll your eyes at. Misti with two hearts over
the I’s. But it’s Hannah, which is a real woman, presumably like me. Nick has
never cheated on me, he has sworn it, but I also know he has ample opportunity.
I could ask him about Hannah, and he’d say, I have no idea why she gave me her number, but I didn’t want to be
rude, so I took it. Which may be true. Or not. He could cheat on me and
he would never tell me, and he would think less and less of me for not figuring
it out. He would see me across the breakfast table, innocently slurping cereal,
and know that I am a fool, and how can anyone respect a fool? Now I am crying
again, with Hannah in my hand. It’s a very female thing, isn’t it, to take one
boys’ night and snowball it into a
marital infidelity that will destroy our marriage?(GG.105)
b. Waham
persecution
The sufferers feel that
they are being persued by someone wanting to disturb them. It happens when Amy
goes to mall for buying a gun and tells Lonnie that she is afraid because of
being persued by someone unmentioned.
Amy had come to
the mall to buy a gun on Valentine’s Day, of all days, that’s what our friend
Lonnie had said. She was a little abashed, a little nervous: Maybe I’m being silly,but … I just really
think I need a gun. Mostly, though, she was scared. Someone was
unnerving her, she told Lonnie.She gave no more details, but when he asked her
what kind of gun she wanted, she said: One
that stops someone fast. He told her to come back in a few days, and she
did. He hadn’t been able to get her one (‘It’s not really my bag,man’), but now
he wished he had. He remembered her well;over the months, he’d wondered how she
was now and then, this sweet blonde with the fearful face, trying to get a gun
on Valentine’s Day.(GG.180)
3. The
characteristics of Schizophrenia
a. Neologisme
Neologisme is condition
when the words uttered by the sufferers do not make sense to the other or the
meaning of the words could not be guessed.
First evidence
I thought of
Amy’s calendar, the one that went three years into the future, and if you
looked a year ahead, you would actually find appointments: dermatologist,
dentist,
vet. ‘She’s a planner – she doesn’t, you
know, wing anything. She likes to make lists and check things off. Get things
done. That’s why this doesn’t make sense(GG.77)
Second evidence
In my car, I
fumbled open the envelope marked fourth clue. We had to be near the end.
Picture
me: I’m a girl who is very bad
I
need to be punished, and by punished, I mean had
It’s
where you store goodies for anniversary five
Pardon
me if this is getting contrived!
A
good time was had here right at sunny midday
Then
out for a cocktail, all so terribly gay.
So
run there right now, full of sweet sighs,
And
open the door for your big surprise.
My stomach seized. I didn’t know what this one
meant.I reread it. I couldn’t even guess. Amy had stopped taking it easy on me.
I wasn’t going to finish the treasure hunt after all.(GG.196)
b. Unstable
feeling
In this respect, the
suffer sometimes undergoes unstable feeling whenever deciding something. Amy
here believes that Nick does not love her anymore but then, she thinks that
Nick is not like that.
First evidence
Stop it, stop
it. I must look on the bright side.
Literally. I must take my husband out of my dark shadowy thoughts and shine
some cheerful golden light on him. I must do better at adoring him like I used
to. Nick responds to adoration. I just wish it felt more equal. My brain is so
busy with Nick thoughts, it’s a swarm inside my head: Nicknicknicknicknick! And when I picture his mind, I hear my
name as a shy crystal ping that occurs once, maybe twice, a day and quickly
subsides. I just wish he thought about me as much as I do him.(GG.203)
Second
evidence
I know this
sounds the stuff of moony teenage girls, but I’ve been tracking Nick’s moods.
Toward me. Just to make sure I’m not crazy. I’ve got a calendar, and I put
hearts on any day Nick seems to love me again, and black squares when he
doesn’t. The past year was all black squares,pretty much. But now? Nine days of
hearts. In a row. Maybe all he needed to know was how much I loved him and how
unhappy I’d become. Maybe he had a change
of heart. I’ve never loved a phrase more.(GG.242)
c. Obsessed
with death and violence
In this respect, Amy
confesses that she was being raped by Desy Collings and as the resistance she
killed Desy Collings.
I still have Desi’s semen inside me from the
last time he raped me, so the medical examination goes fine. My ropewreathed
wrists, my damaged vagina, my bruises – the body I present them is textbook. An
older male doctor with humid breath and thick fingers performs the pelvic exam
scraping and wheezing in time – while Detective Rhonda Boney holds my hand. It
is like being clutched by a cold bird claw. Not comforting at all. Once she
breaks into a grin when she thinks I’m not looking. She is absolutely thrilled
that Nick isn’t a bad guy after all. Yes, the women of America are collectively
sighing. Police have been dispatched to Desi’s home, where they’ll find him
naked and drained, a stunned look on his face, a few strands of my hair in his
clutches, the bed soaked in blood. The knife I used on him, and on my bonds,
will be nearby on the floor where I dropped it, dazed, and walked barefoot,
carrying nothing out of the house but his keys – to the car, to the gate – and
climbed, still slick with his blood, into his vintage Jaguar and returned like
some long-lost faithful pet, straight back home to my husband. I’d been reduced
to an animal state; I didn’t think of anything but getting back to Nick.(GG.517)
d. Addicted
with drugs
Occationally, they,the
sufferers are too obsessed with the drug abusement.
After Amy cut it
off with Desi, he still lingered aroundthe Wickshire campus, a ghostly figure
in dark blazers,leaning against wintry, leafless oak trees. Amy returned from a
dance one February night to find him lying on her bed, naked, on top of the
covers, groggy from a very marginal pill overdose. Desi left school shortly
after.(GG.177)
e. Being
fond in giving the private objects.
When Amy’s parent ask
for being given money for their finantial increasingly decreasing, she directly
says she would give them without any considerations from Nick
Well, the trust fund is your money, so
of course you can borrow from it,’ I say. I just want this to be over; the
hopeful look on my parents’ faces, I can’t stand it. ‘How much do you think you
need, to pay everything off and feel comfortable for a while?’ My father looks
at his shoes. My mother takes a deep breath. ‘Six hundred and fifty thousand,’
she says.
‘Oh.’ It is all I can say. It is almost everything
we have.‘Amy, maybe you and I should discuss—’ Nick begins.‘No, no, we can do
this,’ I say. ‘I’ll just go grab my checkbook.’(GG.129)
f. Feeling
alone
They, the sufferers
think that they are always alone even if they are surrounded by a lot of
people.
Then no one else
wants to talk to me that fast and the PR
girl pretends it’s a good thing: Now
you can get back to your party! I wriggle back into the (small) crowd,
where my parents are in full hosting mode, their faces flushed – Rand with his
toothy prehistoric-monster-fish smile, Marybeth with her chickeny, cheerful
head bobs, their hands intertwined, making each other laugh, enjoying each
other, thrilled with each
other and I think, I am so fucking lonely.(GG.49)
F. Discussion
After
the reseacher analyzes this novel using schizophrenia theory, It is clear that
Amy has many characteristics as schizophrenia sufferer, namely neologisme,
unstable feeling, drug abuse, obsessed wih death and violence, being fond in
giving private objects, and feeling alone.There are two causes why people
become schizophrenia sufferer, such as 1. Gen factor 2. Environmental
factor(stress). In this case, the cause why Amy suffers schizoprenia is because
of environmental factor, stress. She became stress when she got problems with
her parent and her beloved. Parents are people who always look ofter their
children, but Amy’s parent Rand and Marybeth always forced Amy to be a child like
what they want.
Amy
in this novel suffers two types of schizoprenia, such as Jeleousy waham and
Persecution Waham. Jeleousy Waham is the sufferer believes that his or her
beloved is no longer loyal. When Amy found out the name of Hanna, she
spontaniously thought that Nick is not loyal anymore. Meanwile persecution
waham is the sufferer feel that they are being persued by someone wanting to
attack them. It happens when Amy went to mall for buying a gun used to survive
herself for someone tying to disturbing her but she didn’t tell who are teasing
her to Lonnie.
Gone Girl novel is romantic and
thrillers. This novel tells about destruction of the marriage relationship as a
result of difference that is owned by two people, Nick and Amy. Amy is a person
who perfect, brilliant, unreliable, and easy going. While Nick, as a person who
romantic, can be pleasant couples and love sex. After several times Nick and
Amy married until the problem make destruction their marriage.
From the psychoanalytic perspective, it is the evidence that id,
ego, superego have a role to make Amy’s schizophrenia. Amy’s id is more
dominant than her ego and superego and can take an effect to Amy become a
schizophrenia. If her superego is more dominant than her id, she will
understand what Nick’s doing and give an advice that he is wrong. The another
id that will know when she kills Desi. She just to seek her pleasure and in
order to get the goal has reached. The ego has function to express and gratify
Amy’s desire of id and also as a tool to be accepted in the public.
Sex and aggression is also a part of id. The aim of sex is to get
pleasure. According to Freud, this pleasure is not limited to genital
satisfaction, but all to get the pleasure is sex. There are two drive that
related in sex are sadism and masochism. Sadism is the need for sexual pleasure
with inflicting pain another person, and masochism is the need for sexual
pleasure with inflicting pain by self. Amy is affect sadism. Because she can
get the pleasure when she can slander her husband, Nick, with all the lying.
And the next is aggression. According to Freud, as with the sexual drive,
aggression is flexible and can take a number of forms, such as teasing, gossip,
sarcasm, humiliation. Humor and the enjoyment of other people are suffering.
Amy’s very enjoy if Nick get problem. She just watches it and she get her
pleasure every time she punishes Nick.
According Rene Wellek and Austin Warren (1949: 75) psychology of
literature means “the psychological study of the writer, as type and as
individual, or the study of the creative process, or the study of the
psychological types and laws present within works of literature, or, finally,
the effects of literature upon its readers (audience psychology). Gillian Flynn
makes the story in this novel so interesting. She describes the dark side of
woman, more precisely as a wife. She wanted to show that the woman can cruel as
the man, even a psychopath. In this novel, Amy described as smart people, can
speak well, referring to influence others, and a liar. That is why she easy to
execute and misled the others. Gillian Flynn also talks about the important to
build a marriage. Be honesty and be overt to the partner. But, marriage can be
real killer, because if the couple don’t be honesty and be overt so the bad
things will be happening. Marriage is different with courtship, courtship is
more beautiful and amazing.
The
relation between literature and psychology is literature can affect the readers
feeling, personality, and knowledge. So, Gillian Flynn writes gone girl as one
of literary work to describe that schizophrenia can occur in every people in
the world, including in the marriage. The conflict begins when The Amy’s parent
wrote Amyzing Amy which is the reflection of Amy, but is is actually not like
what Amy is, besides her husband Nick doesn’t often care her anymore. Amy
thinks Nick doesn’t love her anymore as he often goes out without Amy and there
is unhonesty with Nick. Nick occationally lies of what he has done and even
they do not their anniversary because Nick is out. Because of those reasons,
Amy fell alone and strees. Then, she becomes schizoprenia sufferer. In order to
get Nick’s interest again, Amy intend to do such insane things. She plans to
make her disappearance. Then she comes back after killing Desy accused being
raped her. When she was pregnant, she tells Nick that the baby in her worm is his.
G. Conclusion
I would like to sum up what the
researcher has done or analyzed.
First, the cause of schizoprenia is
environmental factor stress. Stress is a part of a sequential process in which
objective environtmental circumstance (i.e., stressors) are appraised by the
individual as either having no adaptive significance or as stressful( i.e.,
presenting a potential threat, danger, change or challage to one’s well-being
or survival).
Second the types of
schizoprenia reflected in Amy in this novel is jeleousy waham and persecution
waham. Jeleousy Waham is the sufferer believe that his or her beloved is no
longer loyal. When Amy found out the name of Hanna, she spontaniously thought
that Nick is not loyal anymore. Meanwile persecution waham is the sufferer feel
that they are being persued by someone wanting to attack them. It happens when
Amy went to mall for buying a gun used to survive herself for someone tying to
disturbing her but she didn’t tell who are teasing her to Lonnie
The third is the
characteristics of schizophrenia are neologisme, unstable feeling, drug abuse,
obsessed wih death and violence, being fond in giving private objects, and
feeling alone.
At last, the reason why
the auther took schizophrenia phenomenon in this novel is because of he wanted
to show the side of dark women. In is under the interview concucted in 2013.
H. References
Klarer,
Mario. 1998. “An Introduction to Literary Study”. London: Routledge.
Newman.
1983. “Principle of Psychology”. San Francisco: The Dorsey Press.
Newman,
J. E, Wallace, J. E, Schmitt, W. A., & Arnett, E A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition system functioning in anxious,
impulsive and psychopathic individuals. Personality and Individual Differences,
23, 583-592.
Pertiwi,
Gilang Wening. 2016. “Amy’s Personality Disorder in Flynn’s Gone Girl: A
Psychological Approach”. Research paper. English: State University of
Yogyakarta.
Schouten,
Ronald & Silver, James. 2012. “Almost of Psychopath: Do I (or Does Someone
I Know Have a Problem with Manipulation and Lack of Empathy)”. Hazelden
Skeem.
J. L. et al. 2011. “Psychopathic Personality: Bridging the Gap Between
Scientific Evidence and Public Policy”. Psychology Science in the Public
Interest. 12 (3) 95 - 192
Verstappen,
H Stefan. 2011. “Defense Against Psychopath”. Canada. Woodbridge Press.
Wellek,
Rene Warren, Austin. 1949. “Theory of Literature”. New York: Harcourt, Brace,
and company.
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